The final chapter presents a theory of grammaticalization which is based on the. A greatly influential work in the domain was christian lehmann s thoughts on grammaticalization compare the rgammaticalization verb wollen which. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, christian lehmann and others published thoughts on grammaticalization find, read and cite all the research you need. The term is thought to have originated with meillet 1958, but first.
In historical linguistics and language change, grammaticalization also known as grammatization or grammaticization is a process of language change by which words representing objects and actions i. A greatly influential work in the domain was christian lehmanns thoughts on grammaticalization 1982. Thus, lexicalization and grammaticalization are processes that have much in common and are, to a certain extent, parallel. Section 4 will address some issues of recent concern, primarily in the areas of syntax and semantics. Despite its modest title, the book can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though its conception is very original.
In both developments, abstract grammatical meanings are. For meillet, analogy and grammaticalization are categorically distinct processes. Grammaticalization as optimization stanford university. Thoughts on grammaticalization was first published in a workingpaper. Grammaticalization and the areal factor the perspective of. Speakers of language r notice that in language m there is a grammatical category mx. Grammaticalization and the areal factor the perspective. Grammaticalization of down the grammaticalization of down began already in late old english. The two di erent conceptions of grammaticalization and some of the problems raised by them are characterized brie y in sections 2 and 3 respectively. Grammaticalization is a powerful aspect of language, as it creates new function words by a process other than deriving them from existing bound, inflectional constructions i. The torrent of new comitatives in baltofinnicsaami was caused by. On the following pages you can read the thoughts of some of the gu.
Thus it creates new function words by a process other than deriving them from existing bound, inflectional. This is the basis of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. Lehmann thoughts on grammaticalization first published in 1982, republished. This was the first work to emphasize the continuity of research from the earliest period to the present, and it provided a survey of the major work in the field. Latin and eskimo are examples, the latter an extreme example called polysynthetic, where the distinction between word and sentence is weak. International conference on grammaticalization auchola theory. Baker professor of english and linguistics at carnegie mellon university. Cambridge core linguistic anthropology grammaticalization by paul j. Apr 19, 2019 there is a wide range of definitions of grammaticalization e. The study of grammaticalization raises a number of fundamental theoretical issues pertaining to the relation of langue and parole, creativity and automatic coding, synchrony and diachrony, categoriality and continua, typological characteristics and languagespecific forms, etc. Grammaticalization is a process leading from lexemes to grammatical formatives. They develop an equivalent category rx in language r on the basis of patterns available in r. Jan 26, 2019 basic to work on grammaticalization is the concept of a cline see halliday 1961 for an early use of this term. International conference on grammaticalization auchola.
Contribute to langsci88 development by creating an account on github. The oxford handbook of grammaticalization heiko narrog. Examples of how to use grammaticalization in a sentence from the cambridge dictionary labs. One of the poster child examples is the development from demonstrative determiner to definite article, e. Ordinary contactinduced grammaticalization heine and kuteva 2005. Claims about constructions and grammaticalization in earlier work although many concepts germane to grammaticalization were articulated before meillet,3 he is thought to be the first to have used the term. Definition in terms of the result of grammaticalization. James mcelvenny universitat potsdam research into grammaticalization has an established pedigree, first certified by lehmann 20151982. A sign is grammaticalized to the extent that it is devoid of concrete lexical meaning and takes part in obligatory grammatical rules.
Thoughts on grammaticalization christian lehmann download bok. His publications include grammaticalization coauthored with elizabeth closs traugott, cambridge, 1993, a short course in grammar 1999, the limits of grammaticalization coedited with anna giacaloneramat, 1998 and frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure coedited with joan. Thoughts on grammaticalization by christian lehmann. Thoughts on grammaticalization was first published in a workingpaper version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it was properly published only in 1995. Hopper, elizabeth closs traugott, cambridge textbooks in linguistics, cambridge university press, second ed. Here you can find all of our electronic books and journals, for purchase and download or subscriber access. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere and clause level relations. Grammaticalization of demonstratives as subordinate complementizers in ngumpinyapa an earlier version of this paper was presented at the blackwood australianist workshop and at the als conference in 2003, and thanks go to colleagues who provided comments at those meetings and later. A number of semantic, syntactic and phonologicalprocesses. It got out of stock immediately, but has been in high demand since. International conference on grammaticalization theory and data.
The present edition contains a number of corrections of the 1995 edition. Grammaticalization, the process of converting regular lexical items and structures into conventionally interpreted grammatical morphemes, has traditionally been perceived as a syntactic or morphological process. Section 7 some thoughts are presented on how the material discussed might be relevant to the larger topic of this volume. Abstract grammaticalizationthe transformation of lexical items and phrases into grammatical formshas been the focus of considerable study. A slightly revised version was released in january 1985, but only in form of a number of xerocopies. Latin and eskimo are examples, the latter an extreme example called polysynthetic.
Arbeitspapiere des seminars fur sprachwissenschaft, philosophische fakultat, universitat, erfurt. Grammaticalization consists in the increase of the range. On the grammaticalization of some processes of word formation. These hypotheses have been looked at in some form or other in the literature on transcategoriality robert 2003a.
Beauregard 11, fribourg 1700, switzerland b university of fribourg, switzerland received 25 january 2006. The grammaticalization cycle university of michigan. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, christian lehmann and others published thoughts on grammaticalization find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Section 3 will discuss to what extent lehmann 1995, heine et al. Corinne rossari a, corina cojocariu b a university of fribourg, french department, office 3117, av. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by grammatical domains such as the verbal. The final chapter presents a theory of grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. The term is thought to have originated with meillet w958, but rst. Such developments have clear implications for typologies based on the degree of synthesis and for the historical development of inflections. Thoughts on grammaticalization language science press. The secret history of grammaticalization history and. Secondary grammaticalization refers to cases of grammaticalization affecting elements that already have a grammatical function and proceed to develop a new grammatical function. The grammaticalization cycle languages fall onto a spectrum according to how much of their grammar is morphology i. Grammaticalization wikimili, the best wikipedia reader.
They are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of grammaticalization measurable. From the point of view of change, forms do not shift abruptly from one category to another, but go through a series of small transitions, transitions. French makes use of a series of nominal constructions that provide a challenging object of linguistic research. Welcome to econtent platform of john benjamins publishing company. It is shown that grammaticalization and first language acquisition frequently involve the same semantic changes. Basic to work on grammaticalization is the concept of a cline see halliday 1961 for an early use of this term. Leading scholars from around the world introduce and discuss the core theoretical and methodological bases of grammaticalization, report on work in the field, and point to promising. The presence of the set is a result of diachronic processes and, hence, can be explained with reference to these processes.
Lehmann, christian 1995 thoughts on grammaticalization. Presenting a wealth of evidence from african languages, the authors argue that the development of grammatical categories is in fact strongly influenced by pragmatic and cognitive. Outside the arenas of indoeuropean and romance linguistics, a renewed interest in grammaticalization began to awaken in the 1970s. Please read our short guide how to send a book to kindle. This was stated as early as in 1982 by christian lehmann, as is documented in the following quotation. At first glance, these structures could either be treated as the result of a grammaticalization. These with more are called inflected or synthetic languages. Pdf new reflections on grammaticalization and lexicalization. Pragmaticalization defined as grammaticalization of. Introduction in its broadest sense, grammaticalization, also known as grammaticization, is the process by which grammar is created cro 2006. Grammaticalization grammaticalization is a complex multifactorial type of language change which does not consists of a single process but of a set of interacting processes. Tanja mortelmans this study focuses on the many careers of negative polarity items, taking a diachronic perspective on npis in general and on scalar npis in particular.
From the point of view of change, forms do not shift abruptly from one category to another, but go through a series of small transitions, transitions that tend to be similar in type across languages. Thoughts on grammaticalization christian lehmann download. Grammaticalization, constructions and the incremental. A number of semantic, syntactic and phonologicalprocesses interact in the grammaticalization of morphemes and of whole constructions. Abstracts refining grammaticalization department of. On the grammaticalization of some processes of word. Grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else.